India is the preferred destination for the Cost effective treatment ofMalignant mesothelioma of pleura. An integrated world-class healthcare system, leveraging best medical practices backed by cutting-edge technology, specialized clinics, comprehensive services, internationally renowned private hospitals offering utmost level of integrated healthcare to international patients. The medical tourism industry in India is growing at double-digit growth rate, outstripping the 4% to 6% growth in general travel bookings. For many medical tourists, though, the real attraction is price. The cost of treatment of Malignant mesothelioma of pleura in India, is not only affordable but the quality of the treatment is also at par.
What isMalignant mesothelioma of Pleura?
Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura is a cancer which arises from the mesothelial cells found within the pleural membranes that cover the lungs. There are two pleurae: the visceral pleura, which cover the actual lung itself; and the parietal pleura, which cover the inside of the chest wall. The purpose of the pleura is to provide a smooth surface so that, as the chest expands, the lungs expand smoothly within the chest cavity. The pleural membranes normally secrete a small amount of fluid for lubrication. This allows the visceral pleura (lining the lungs) to glide over the parietal pleura (lining the inside of the chest cavity).Malignant mesothelioma develops from the mesothelial cells of the pleura.
Who gets Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleura?
Malignant mesothelioma is relatively uncommon compared to other tumours. Australia has the highest incidence of mesothelioma in the world, at 40 cases per million people. Other industrialised countries, which have mined and used asbestos, such as the United States, England, Canada and South Africa, have similar but slightly lower rates of disease. The incidence of Malignant mesothelioma increases with age, with most patients presenting between 50 and 80 years of age. This is because there is a latency period of as long as 50 years between exposure to asbestos and development of Malignant mesothelioma.Malignant mesothelioma is far more common in men than in women, at a ratio of 4:1.
Symptoms of Malignant Mesothelioma:
In severe cases, the person may have many tumor masses. The individual may develop a pneumothorax, or collapse of the lung. The disease may metastasize, or spread, to other parts of the body.
Tumors that affect the abdominal cavity often do not cause symptoms until they are at a late stage. Symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain
- Ascites, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen
- A mass in the abdomen
- Problems with bowel function
- Weight loss
In severe cases of the disease, the following signs and symptoms may be present:
- Blood clots in the veins, which may cause thrombophlebitis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation, a disorder causing severe bleeding in many body organs
- Jaundice, or yellowing of the eyes and skin
- Low blood sugar level
- Pleural effusion
- Pulmonary emboli, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs
- Severe ascites
Risk factors:
Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for Malignant mesothelioma. In the United States, asbestos is the major cause of Malignant mesothelioma. Indeed, the relationship between asbestos and mesothelioma is so strong that many consider mesothelioma a "signal" or "sentinel" tumor. A history of asbestos exposure exists in most cases. However, Malignant mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos. In rare cases, Malignant mesothelioma has also been associated with irradiation, intrapleural thorium dioxide, and inhalation of other fibrous silicates, such as erionite. Some studies suggest that simian virus 40 (SV40) may act as a cofactor in the development ofMalignant mesothelioma.
Treatment of Malignant Mesothelioma:
Malignant mesothelioma is usually incurable at presentation. Treatment is therefore aimed at controlling symptoms and prolonging survival, rather than trying to remove the tumor.
Surgery:
It is very rarely possible to surgically remove aMalignant mesothelioma, because the tumor spreadswidely throughout the pleura and invades nearby organs. Instead, palliative surgery may occasionally be used to try to control symptoms, particularly pleural effusion.
Radiotherapy:
It is difficult to treat Malignant mesothelioma with radiotherapy because the tumor involves such a large area of the chest wall. However, there are two situations in which radiotherapy may be used.
Radiotherapy may be used to treat sites where biopsies have been taken or chest drains inserted. These areas, where a tube has been passed through the chest wall into the pleural space, often become 'seeded' with the mesothelioma tumor. This then presents as a growing lump a number of months later. If radiotherapy to the area is given soon after diagnosis, any tumor cells which have 'seeded' the area can be destroyed.
Radiotherapy may also be used to treat pain in the chest wall due to spread of the tumor.
Chemotherapy:
Until recently, chemotherapy was not thought to be useful in treating malignant mesothelioma. However, recent studies have shown that treatment with the drugs cisplatin and pemetrexed (Alimta) may reduce tumour size, increase patient survival by several months, and improve quality of life.
Recovery after Treatment of Malignant Mesothelioma:
Recovery will begin after the very first procedure but may be staggered over several cycles since multimodality treatment for mesothelioma is now becoming the standard.
Since diagnostic procedures for Malignant mesothelioma tend to be highly invasive, it may also be necessary to undergo a period of recovery from operations like a thoracoscopy or laparoscopy. These procedures involve substantial surgery and a thoracoscopy may also involve palliative interventions like pleurodesis to reduce fluid production in the chest, some protocols involve the administration of chemotherapy before surgery and some after. Chemotherapy is usually debilitating to some degree and may include a number of serious side-effects that could require the patient to rest and recover before further treatments for Malignant mesothelioma are resumed.
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Why India?
Malignant mesothelioma of pleura treatment is done at a cost which is much lower than they charge in U.S or U.K. Research foresees India to emerge as one of the fastest growing medical tourism industry, accounting for around 25% of the region's industry by 2012. The medical tourism industry has emerged as the fastest growing segment of the Asian tourism industry despite the global economic downturn. High cost of treatments in developed countries, particularly in the USA and the UK, have been continually attracting patients from such regions towards alternative cost-effective destinations.
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